Data refer to Berne Union members’ direct insurance or lending, i.e. amount reinsured by others are not deducted and amounts reinsured by members for others are not added. Countries are defined based on ISO 3166-1. Amounts guaranteed by an international financial institution are allocated to that institution, not the country of residence of the borrower or guarantor. Data are stock data, i.e. total outstanding amounts at the end of each quarter (31 March, 30 June, 30 September, and 31 December). Total data include medium/long-term (MLT) exposures and short-term (ST) exposures.